Desenvolvimento regional: problemas e perspectivas

Abstract

The author examines the problems and perspectives of the regional development process in the Brasilian economy, and analyses the effectiveness of the economic policy instruments which may serve to correct the existing unbalances. He stressed the importance of coordinating efforts on the federal and state government levels in order to achieve greater progress in the national policy for regional development. All the analysis carried out in the study is based on Brazil's division into five major geo-economic regions-north notheast, central west, southeast, and south-which are grouped in two single regions for purposes of the action taken by the National Bank for Economic Development (BNDE). The two regions referred to are the developed region (south and southeast regions, not including the state of Espirito Santo) and the underdeveloped region (north, northeast and central west regions, plus the state of Espirito Santo). In its first part, the study emphasizes the existence of regional unbalances in the country's economic development based on data of income and other important economic indicators presente as an attachment to the work. Following that, and still based on the same indicators, the author goes on o examine the uneven rate of growth observed in various regions. He then takes up the analysis of the problems of regional programming in Brazil, as seen from different angles: I) multiple and integrated utilization of hydrographic basins or major rivers valleys; II) urban communities and metropolitan planning areas; HI) problem areas; IV) pioneer zones. Finally, the author studies the mechanisms of inequality and the regional integration policy. He arrives at the conclusion that it is necessary to give regional organic character to the country's national economic development policy.

L'auteur examine les problemes et les perspectives du processus de developpement regional de l'economie bresilienne tout en analysant l'efficacite des instruments de politique economique qui seraint utiles a la correction des desequilibres existants, et rehausse, en meme temps, l'importancc de la coordination d'efforts, dans le domain du gouvernement federal et de celui des Estats, en vue d'atteindre un progres plus accentue dans la politique nationale de developpement regional. Toute l'analyse faite dans cette etude prend pour base la division du Bresil en cinq grandes regions geo-economiques: Nord, Nord-Est, Centre-Ouest, Sud-Est et Sud. Au regard des buts vises par le BNDE ces regions se groupent en deux: la region developpee (regions Sud et Sud-Est, sauf l'Etat de Espirito Santo) et la region sous-developpee (regions Nord, Nord-Est et Centre-Ouest, l'Etat de Espirito Santo y compris). Dans la premiere partie l'auteur se penche sur les dlesequilibres regionaux du developpement economique du pays, en prenant pour base les dormees concernant le revenu et d'autres indicateurs importants qui sont presentes en appendice au travail. Ensuite, et sur la base des memes indicateurs l'auteur examine le rythme irregulier du developpement des differentes regions; puis it analyse les problemes de programmation regionale du Bresil, vus sous plusieurs angles, savoir: I - mise a profit, d'une maniere multiple, des bacins hydrographiques ou des vallees des grands fleuves; II — planification des cominunautes urbaines et des regions des grandes metropoles; III — regionsproblemes; IV — zonnes d'action pionniere. L'auteur etudie, enf in le mecanisme de l'inegalite et la politique d'integration regionale et finit en soulignant la necessite d'organiser, du point de vue regional, la politique de developpement national.