Geração de energia solar fotovoltaica no Brasil e o desenvolvimento da cadeia local de fornecedores

Abstract

Photovoltaic solar energy is rapidly growing worldwide and in Brazil. Countries such as China, the United States of America, Japan, the European Union, and India lead this expansion, but the industry remains concentrated in East Asia, mostly in China. In Brazil, photovoltaic energy has grown 72% annually over the past five years. In 2024, 15 GW of new capacity was installed, with investments over BRL 30 billion, reaching a total of 52 GW. This made photovoltaic energy the second largest in installed capacity and third in generation. Almost all photovoltaic modules are im¬ported, resulting in an annual trade deficit of over USD 3.5 billion since 2022. The share of domestically produced modules dropped from 35% to 1% in 2024, with only four companies still in operation. This article reviews Brazil’s photovoltaic supply chain, the public policies, and opportunities for strengthening the local industry and promoting technological innovation. It concludes with policy suggestions for expanding photovoltaic energy and developing the local supply chain.