http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/662 <strong>BNDES - Contracted studies | BNDES - Estudios contratados</strong><br><br>Esta comunidade reúne os estudos técnicos ou pesquisas, contratados pelo BNDES, que estejam relacionados ao desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil e da América Latina e que possam orientar a formulação de políticas públicas. <br><br>This community brings together the technical studies or surveys contracted by BNDES that are related to the economic and social development of Brazil and Latin America and that can guide the formulation of public policies. <br><br>Esta comunidad reúne los estudios técnicos o o de investigación contratados por el BNDES que están relacionadas con el desarrollo económico y social de Brasil y América Latina y que pueden guiar la formulación de políticas públicas.. Fri, 13 Nov 2026 09:42:23 GMT 2026-11-13T09:42:23Z http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30771 Title: Integração entre porto e ferrovia para contêineres no Porto de Santos: instrumentos de política pública para a coordenação da interface Authors: Maia, William Alves Abstract: The Port of Santos handled 5.9 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2025, yet rail, which accounts for approximately 36% of the port’s cargo throughput, still transports relatively few containers. Terminals and rail operators schedule their operating windows separately, under different regulatory agencies, and no public instrument currently requires coordination at this interface. This article proposes public policy instruments to address the coordination failure between port and rail operations in container transportation at Santos. The study examined sector-specific legislation and the literature on coordination in hinterland transport chains, compared the experiences of the ports of Hamburg and Rotterdam, and analyzed 2025 origin-destination data from the National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) concerning container flows associated with stations in the Baixada Santista region. These flows totaled 2.02 million net tonnes, representing approximately 3% of the port’s containerized cargo tonnage, compared with Hamburg’s 50.2% rail modal share in container transportation. Two stations accounted for 85% of the volume, while containers represented only 3.6% of rail traffic at port stations, which are dominated by bulk cargo. On the return journey to Mato Grosso, 78% of the tonnage consisted of empty containers. The analysis identified four underlying causes of the coordination failure: institutional, contractual, informational, and operational. The proposed measures include a joint regulatory instrument issued by the land and waterway transport agencies, intermodal performance clauses in terminal lease agreements, financial incentives tied to performance indicators, and an interface governance committee. These instruments are already permitted under current legislation and can be implemented without requiring immediate physical infrastructure expansion. Description: Estudo classificado em 1o. lugar no Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias; Mais informações sobre o Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias: https://www.bndes.gov.br/premiobndesferrovias; Bibliografia: p. 15-19; Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Prêmio BNDES de Ferrovias, realizado em 2026, com o objetivo de premiar estudos aplicados e estimular a pesquisa sobre questões específicas do setor ferroviário de cargas brasileiro (https://www.bndes.gov.br/wps/portal/site/home/onde-atuamos/infraestrutura/premio-bndes-ferrovias). Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30771 2026-11-01T00:00:00Z http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30770 Title: Da demanda reprimida à capacidade efetiva: proposta de política pública de fomento à ativação de corredores ferroviários subutilizados Authors: Garrafoli, Fábio Takayama; Tamaru, Cesar Massao; Marcondes, Fábio Tadeu de Oliveira Abstract: The National Logistics Plan 2050 (PNL 2050) identifies 44.16 million tonnes of annual export cargo transported by road along flows associated with underutilized rail alternatives. This figure reveals a significant area for investigation, part of which may offer potential for modal shift, subject to verification of cargo capture potential, capacity, and additionality. This article proposes a mechanism for structuring public interventions to convert potential demand into incremental rail freight, focusing on existing or underutilized corridors. The methodology simplifies decision-making into three filters: the existence of capturable cargo; identification of end-to-end capacity bottlenecks; and demonstration of public additionality. For each eligible flow, a scenario without additional intervention is compared with alternatives involving the optimization of existing infrastructure and operations and, only when necessary, physical expansion. Corridor capacity is treated as the lowest capacity among its components (origin, terminal, railway line, transshipment, port access, or destination), thereby avoiding investments that merely shift the bottleneck elsewhere. The exploratory application to the Southern Network, the FNS–EFC integration, and the Paulista Network–Santos illustrates three intervention hypotheses to be assessed: optimization and rehabilitation before expansion; resolution of access constraints before adding new physical capacity; and evaluation of the entire corridor before making localized investments. The proposal is complemented by interinstitutional governance, a funding gap test, and indicators focused on capacity, incremental freight volumes, and public cost per outcome. The original contribution lies in connecting the PNL 2050's diagnosis of suppressed demand to a comparative and verifiable decision-making framework for determining where public intervention can effectively change the logistics modal split. Description: Estudo classificado em 3o. lugar no Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias; Mais informações sobre o Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias: https://www.bndes.gov.br/premiobndesferrovias; Bibliografia: p. 21-22; Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Prêmio BNDES de Ferrovias, realizado em 2026, com o objetivo de premiar estudos aplicados e estimular a pesquisa sobre questões específicas do setor ferroviário de cargas brasileiro (https://www.bndes.gov.br/wps/portal/site/home/onde-atuamos/infraestrutura/premio-bndes-ferrovias). Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30770 2026-11-01T00:00:00Z http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30769 Title: Ferrovia como recurso de uso comum: um arranjo institucional para o compartilhamento efetivo da capacidade nos corredores saturados de acesso portuário Authors: Lopes, Alexandre Rosa Abstract: [Contextualization] The railway corridor providing access to the Port of Santos more than doubled its transported cargo volume between 2011 and 2025. During the same period, it did not receive a single independent operator, even though reciprocal traffic, trackage rights, and independent railway operations have been regulated since 2011. [Problem] The study examines which public policy institutional arrangement, grounded in the governance of common-pool resources, can overcome the underlying causes that have prevented these mechanisms from translating into effective capacity sharing along the corridor. [Objective] The study diagnoses the causes of ineffectiveness, which lie in the incomplete transition from a service-based regime to an infrastructure-based regime and in five interconnected failures, particularly the information asymmetry associated with self-declared capacity. It then designs the corresponding institutional response: ratified co-regulation, comprising a corridor-based capacity committee with decisions subject to approval by ANTT, reform of the Network Statement, participatory monitoring with graduated sanctions, expedited conflict-resolution mechanisms, and experimental implementation through a regulatory sandbox. [Methodology] The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, with qualitative predominance, structured as an instrumental single-case study. It combines documentary analysis based on the institutional framework with descriptive statistics drawn from public sector databases, and benchmarks the European allocation procedure, consolidated in Regulation (EU) 2026/1184, against the documented failure of bilateral negotiation under the Americas model. [Contribution] The study proposes a third pathway between regulated tariffs and imposed bilateral access: ratified multilateral allocation, which can be implemented without new legislation. It also introduces the concept of the functional autonomy of surplus capacity. [Theoretical Framework] The study draws on Elinor Ostrom's theory of common-pool resources, the economics of shared infrastructure, the anticommons perspective, and the legal doctrine governing infrastructure concessions and co-regulation. Description: Estudo classificado em 2o. lugar no Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias; Mais informações sobre o Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias: https://www.bndes.gov.br/premiobndesferrovias; Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Prêmio BNDES de Ferrovias, realizado em 2026, com o objetivo de premiar estudos aplicados e estimular a pesquisa sobre questões específicas do setor ferroviário de cargas brasileiro (https://www.bndes.gov.br/wps/portal/site/home/onde-atuamos/infraestrutura/premio-bndes-ferrovias).; Bibliografia: p. 21-23 Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30769 2026-11-01T00:00:00Z http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30768 Title: Capacidade que circula vazia: política pública para o aproveitamento do fluxo ferroviário de retorno no transporte de carga geral e conteinerizada Authors: Zanoli, Paulo Rogério Abstract: Brazil’s railway network operates under a structural directional imbalance. Along export corridors, trains run fully loaded toward ports and return to inland regions empty or underutilized. This idle capacity represents transportation infrastructure that has already been built, financed, and put into operation, yet generates no revenue and does not divert freight from road transport. This paper argues that utilizing return flows to transport general cargo and containerized freight is the lowest-unit-cost way to increase rail’s share of Brazil’s freight transportation matrix, as it requires no physical expansion of the railway network. Drawing on primary evidence from a regular operation supplying ceramic tiles from the interior of São Paulo state to Rondonópolis (Mato Grosso), which has been underway since 2023, the study identifies five market failures that explain why this opportunity remains untapped despite its demonstrated profitability: sunk costs associated with cargo qualification, information asymmetry regarding available capacity, minimum scale requirements incompatible with the fragmented nature of general cargo, working capital constraints associated with inventory in transit, and fragmented accountability across the intermodal supply chain. Based on this diagnosis and on international and cross-sectoral experiences, the paper proposes the National Program for the Utilization of Return Rail Capacity, bringing together six public policy instruments of a regulatory, normative, fiscal, and promotional nature, supported by a phased implementation plan, cost estimates, risk analysis, and monitoring indicators. Description: Estudo classificado em 4o. lugar no Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias; Mais informações sobre o Prêmio BNDES Ferrovias: https://www.bndes.gov.br/premiobndesferrovias; Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Prêmio BNDES de Ferrovias, realizado em 2026, com o objetivo de premiar estudos aplicados e estimular a pesquisa sobre questões específicas do setor ferroviário de cargas brasileiro (https://www.bndes.gov.br/wps/portal/site/home/onde-atuamos/infraestrutura/premio-bndes-ferrovias). Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/30768 2026-11-01T00:00:00Z